First Aid - Day 1 - Wednesday 21st February 2018

CPR
1. Assess the scene - Stop Think Observe Protect
- Safety zone will be different from person to person depending on experience
- First Aid should be instinctive
- How many patients do we have? Where is the rest of the group? What are they doing? What resources do I have? (people, equipment), What is the weather like?
- Some scenes require a 360
- Protect yourself first - you can't help the patient if you are in danger
- Then protect the rest of the group - Protect the patient last
- Survival responses - Fight, Flight, Freeze
- Control adults/staff/children - Give jobs in pairs

2. Level of response - Informs us about the patients airway
OK - Alert - engaging with the environment, no extra stimulus needed 
OKish - Verbal/Voice - Loud and big, shout, any response is a response
NOT OK - Pain - Knuckles rubbed across: collar bone, sternum, cheekbone - Nerves: finger in crevice between ear and jaw, press thumb top of the lip and nose join
BAD - Unresponsive

Position to look after airways - tongue, vomit

3. Send for help
- Send for other adults
- Ring 111
- Use PLB

4. Airway
- Have a look inside/inspect - Roll on side & clear
- Open - Chin lift

5. Breathing
- Looking for chest movement, listening (10 seconds)
- Is their breathing normal/adequate to keep them alive?
- What is normal breathing? 2 or mores breaths (12-20 breaths per minute)
- What is abnormal breathing? 1 breath or none

6. CPR
- Start with 30 compressions
- 1/3 deep
- 100-120 beats per minute - 2 per second (speed of Werohia, hello - Adele)
- 2 breaths

7. Defibillation
- DNR must be sighted

The Disaster Community Circle
1. People in the event (Kids, Parents, Teacher)
2. Responders (Other teachers, Admin at school, Principal, Paramedics)
3. People that live in the environment that the event has occurred in
4. Family of people in 1
5. Family of people in 2
6. There by the grace of god

Depending on the event it might be better for the group to remain a group.

Anything that is wet conducts heat away from the individual 25x faster - Cotton holds water and draws it towards the body whereas polypros and wool do the opposite.

Allergies - Blood Vessels Dilating and leaked
Histamine is a naturally occurring substance that fights sting etc. Makes the blood vessel dilute. Plasma leaks out into surrounding tissue. Round raised swelling develops - You can stop this process by using an antihistamine but you shouldn't need to if you are not allergic.

When you have an allergy your body sends more histamine (an over the top response - not based on the thing itself it is the sensitivity to it).

Epipen
- Must be followed up by emergency call (111 or PLB)
- Swelling on the throat
- Rash and swelling
- Respiratory problem/wheezing
- Can have a rebound
- Reverses swelling, stops leaking and dilates the airways
- Can give every 7-8 minutes - you can not overdose on this
- Can also give antihistamines

Asthma - Lungs/Airways tight and filled with mucus
Immune system is triggered by a stress reaction. Swelling and excessive mucus production.
When the wheeze becomes quiet it doesn't mean the asthma is gone.
SILENCE is Dangerous. No sound = no air movement